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CWNP Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA) Sample Questions (Q50-Q55):

NEW QUESTION # 50
What is required when operating 802.11ax APS in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication?
* VHT PHY

A. HT PHY
B. CCMP
C. SAE

Answer: B

Explanation:
SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication. SAE is a secure and robust authentication method that is defined in the IEEE 802.11s amendment and is also known as WPA3-Personal or WPA3-SAE. SAE is based on a cryptographic technique called Dragonfly Key Exchange, which allows two parties to establish a shared secret key using a passphrase, without revealing the passphrase or the key to an eavesdropper or an attacker. SAE also provides forward secrecy, which means that if the passphrase or the key is compromised in the future, it does not affect the security of past communications.
SAE is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication because of the new regulations and standards that apply to this band. The 6 GHz band is a new frequency band that was opened for unlicensed use by the FCC and other regulatory bodies in 2020. The 6 GHz band offers more spectrum and less interference than the existing 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, which can enable higher performance and efficiency for Wi-Fi devices. However, the 6 GHz band also has some restrictions and requirements that are different from the other bands, such as:
* The 6 GHz band is divided into two sub-bands: U-NII-5 (5925-6425 MHz) and U-NII-7 (6525-6875 MHz). The U-NII-5 sub-band is subject to DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) rules, which require Wi-Fi devices to monitor and avoid using channels that are occupied by radar systems or other primary users. The U-NII-7 sub-band is not subject to DFS rules, but it has a lower maximum transmit power limit than the U-NII-5 sub-band.
* The Wi-Fi devices that operate in the 6 GHz band are called 6E devices, which stands for Extended Spectrum. 6E devices must support 802.11ax technology, which is also known as Wi-Fi 6 or High Efficiency (HE). 802.11ax is a new standard that improves the performance and efficiency of Wi-Fi networks by using features such as OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output), BSS Coloring, TWT (Target Wake Time), and HE PHY and MAC enhancements.
* The 6E devices that operate in the 6 GHz band must also support WPA3 security, which is a new security protocol that replaces WPA2 and provides stronger encryption and authentication for Wi-Fi networks. WPA3 has two modes: WPA3-Personal and WPA3-Enterprise. WPA3-Personal uses SAE as its authentication method, which requires a passphrase to establish a secure connection between two devices. WPA3-Enterprise uses EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) as its authentication method, which requires a certificate or a credential to authenticate with a server.
Therefore, SAE is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication because it is part of WPA3-Personal security, which is mandatory for 6E devices in this band.
References: , Chapter 3, page 120; , Section 3.2
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NEW QUESTION # 51
You are troubleshooting a problem with a new 802.11ax AP. While the AP supports four spatial streams, most clients are only achieving maximum data rates of 150 Mbps. What is the likely cause?

A. Contention caused by an overlapping BSS
B. Non-Wi-Fi interference in the channel
C. The clients are 802.11n devices
D. The clients are only two stream 802.11ax clients

Answer: C

Explanation:
The scenario described suggests that while the Access Point (AP) is capable of 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) with four spatial streams, the clients are only achieving data rates typical of 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) devices, which indicates that the clients are likely 802.11n devices. Here's why this is the most plausible explanation:
* 802.11n Limitations: Devices that adhere to the 802.11n standard have lower maximum data rates compared to 802.11ax devices due to differences in technology such as modulation, spatial streams, and channel bandwidth. An 802.11n device with a single spatial stream operating on a 20 MHz channel can achieve a maximum data rate of 72.2 Mbps. Even with two spatial streams under ideal conditions, this would only double to approximately 144.4 Mbps, which is close to the 150 Mbps mentioned.
* Spatial Stream Capability: The fact that the AP supports four spatial streams suggests it can achieve much higher data rates with 802.11ax clients that also support multiple spatial streams. However, if the clients are 802.11n devices, they may not be capable of using more than two spatial streams, and many earlier 802.11n devices were limited to just one.
The other options are less likely to be the primary cause based on the information provided:
* B. Two Stream 802.11ax Clients: If the clients were 802.11ax with only two spatial streams, they would likely achieve higher data rates than 150 Mbps due to the efficiency improvements in 802.11ax.
* C. Contention and D. Non-Wi-Fi Interference: While these could affect performance, they would not inherently limit clients to 150 Mbps,especially in the context of an 802.11ax environment where mechanisms to handle interference and contention are more advanced.
References:
* IEEE 802.11n-2009: Enhancements for Higher Throughput.
* CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam PW0-105, by David D.
Coleman and David A. Westcott.

NEW QUESTION # 52
You have implemented an 802.11ax WLAN for a customer. All APs are four stream HE APs. The customer states that it is essential that most of the clients can use the OFDMA modulation scheme. What do you tell the customer?

A. The clients that must support OFDMA must also be upgraded to 802.11ax
B. All 5 GHz PHYs use OFDM modulation, so you will achieve OFDMA everywhere in 5 GHz
C. OFDMA is an optional feature of 802.11ax and most APs don't even support it
D. If the devices support 802.11ac, they can be updated to support OFDMA through driver upgrades

Answer: A

Explanation:
OFDMA is a new modulation scheme introduced in 802.11ax that allows multiple users to share the same channel by dividing it into smaller subchannels called resource units (RUs). This improves the efficiency and capacity of the WLAN by reducing contention and overhead. However, to use OFDMA, both the AP and the client must support 802.11ax and negotiate the parameters of the subchannel allocation. Therefore, the customer needs to upgrade the clients that require OFDMA to 802.11ax devices12.
The other options are not correct because they do not reflect the reality of OFDMA. Option B is incorrect because OFDMA is a mandatory feature of 802.11ax for both downlink and uplink transmissions, and all
802.11ax APs must support it1. Option C is incorrect because OFDM and OFDMA are different modulation schemes, and OFDM does not allow multiple users to share the same channel. Option D is incorrect because
802.11ac devices cannot support OFDMA through driver upgrades, as they lack the hardware and firmware capabilities to do so2.: 1: CWNA-109 Official Study Guide, page 144 2: OFDMA

NEW QUESTION # 53
During a post-implementation survey, you have detected a non-802.11 wireless device transmitting in the area used by handheld 802.11g scanners. What is the most important factor in determining the impact of this non-802.11 device?

A. Protocols utilized
B. Receive sensitivity
C. Airtime utilization
D. Channel occupied

Answer: C

Explanation:
Airtime Utilization is a per-channel statistic that defines what percentage of the channel is currently being used, and what percentage is therefore free. Airtime usage can come from: Data traffic to and from client devices. Interference from WiFi and non-WiFi sources. Management overhead from APs and client devices.https://wyebot.com/2019/06/06/understanding-airtime-utilization/

NEW QUESTION # 54
What ID is typically mapped to an AP's MAC address if a single BSS is implemented?

A. Device ID
B. SSID
C. VLAN ID
D. BSSID

Answer: D

Explanation:
The BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier) is typically mapped to an AP's MAC address if a single BSS is implemented. The BSSID is a unique identifier that distinguishes one BSS from another within the same RF medium. It is usually derived from the MAC address of the AP's radio interface, but it can also be manually configured or randomly generated by some vendors. The BSSID is used by client stations to associate with an AP and to send and receive frames within a BSS. References: , Chapter 1, page 24; , Section 1.2

NEW QUESTION # 55
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